fields upon which great numbers of sheep are fed. 我以前写过一本书, 书中写道: 那个国家有高山, 山顶绵延到翠绿, 潮湿的田野, 上面养着大量的羊.
Whose tops引导出一个定语从句. “whose +n”引导定语从句, whose可指人, 也可指物. 指物时, 亦可换用 “the +n. +of which”或 “of which the +n.”.
如:
The house ______was damaged has now been repaired.
upon which引出的也是一个定语从句, upon与前面的fields有搭配关系.
如:
He lost his bicycle on which he often went to school.
四、语法复习
名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，以及同位语从句，在复合句中分别作主句的主语、宾语、表语，以及同位语。
1．主语从句：在复合句中作主句的主语。引导主语从句的词有从属连词that, whether以及连接代词who, whom, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever和连接副词where, when, why, how等。
如：
That she was ill made us very worried.
Where we should go for our holiday has not been decided yet.
有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在后面。这样就构成了以下一些句型：
（1）It is+ adj./n. +从句
It is unlikely that he will come tonight.
It is a pity that we didn’t go to the 28th Olympic Games.
（2）It+不及物动词+从句
It seems that he doesn’t like the house at all.
It happened that I know the president of the company.
（3）It+ be+过去分词+从句
It is reported that over 200 people were killed in the fire.
It was said that nobody could work out that problem.
2．宾语从句：在复合句中做句子的宾语。引导宾语从句的词有从属连词that, if或whether，连接代词who, whom, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever和连接副词where, when, why, how等。
如：
I don’t think (that) he is fit for the job.
They are careful about what they eat.
It is hard for us to imagine where all these advanced technologies will lead us.
有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在后面。
I don’t think it a good decision that he be given this job since he has no experience at all.
特别提示：宾语从句的引导词that可以省略，但如果有两个以上由that引导的宾语从句，则一般不省略that。另外，宾语从句中如果有“or not”，则不能用 “ if”，只能用 “whether”。
如：
Conferences like the Earth Summit help people understand that there exist serious problems and
that there is still time to take action.
Nobody knows whether his dream will come true or not.
3．标语从句：在复合句中作句子的表语。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that, whether以及连接代词who, whom, what, which和连接副词where, when, why, how等。
如：
The fact is that I know nothing about it.
The problem is how we can raise so much money.
My question is who will get the position.
4． 同位语从句：在复合句中作句子的同位语。 引导同位语从句的词有从属连词that, whether以及连接代词who, whom, what, which和连接副词where, when, why, how等。
如:
What to you think of my idea that we go to Qing dao for our summer holiday this year?
Everyone was excited at the news that China won the bid for the 28th Olympic Games.
Scientists have not found answers to the question how life began on earth.
有时that从句可与先行词分开。
如：
The fact remains that he doesn’t believe me at all.
特别提示：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的引导词that只起引导词作用，不作名词性从句的成分，且不能省略。其他引导词则既起引导词的作用又充当从句的某一成分。
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