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中国人民大学2009年博士研究生入学考试试题,
Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal; as soon as he's arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks—where failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the police—little effort is spent on searching. The police have an elaborate machinery which eventually shows up most wanted men.
Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence. Much of this has to be given by people who don't want to get involved in a court case. So as well as being overworked, a detective has to be out at all hours of the day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuading them, usually against their own best interests, to help him.A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant moral twilight in which the real one lives. Detectives are subject to two opposing pressures: first as members of a police force they always have to behave with absolute legality, secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.
If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceiveshim. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindedness—as he sees it—of citizens, social workers, doctors, law makers, and judges, who, instead of stamping out crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detectives feel, is that nine tenths of their work is reaching people who should have stayed behind bars. This makes them rather cynical.
16. It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law__________.
A. so that he can catch criminals in the streets
B. because many of the criminals he has to catch are dangerous
C. so that he can justify his arrests in court
D. because he has to know nearly as much about law as a professional lawyer
17. The everyday life of a policeman or detective is__________.
A. exciting and glamorous
B. full of danger
C. devoted mostly to routine matters
D. wasted on unimportant matters
18. When murders and terrorist attacks occur the police__________.
A. prefer to wait for the criminal to give himself away
B. spend a lot of effort on trying to track down their man
C. try to make a quick arrest in order to keep up their reputation
D. usually fail to produce results
19. The real detective lives in “an unpleasant moral twilight” because__________. DOIcYwuTW
A. he is an expensive public servant
B. he must always behave with absolute legality
C. he is obliged to break the law in order to preserve it
D. he feels himself to be cut off from the rest of the world
20. Detectives are rather cynical because__________.
A. nine tenths of their work involves arresting people
C. hardly anyone tells them the truth
C. society does not punish criminals severely enough
D. too many criminals escape from jail
Ⅴ Translation (20 points)
Part A. (10 points)
Direction: Translate the following English passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.
The Basis for Social Order
Man, said Aristotle, is a social animal. This sociability requires peaceful congregation, and the history of mankind is mainly a movement through time of human collectivities that range from migrant tribal bands to large and complex civilizations. Survival has been due to the ability to create the means by which men in groups retain their unity and allegiance to one another.
Order was caused by the need and desire to survive the challenge of the environment. This orderly condition called the “state”, and the rules that maintained it, the “law”. With time the partner to this tranquility, man marched across the centuries of his evolution to the brink of exploring the boundaries of his own galaxy. Of all living organisms, only man has the capacity to interpret his own evolution as progress. As social life changed, the worth and rights of each member in the larger group, of which he was a part, increased. As the groups grew from clans to civilizations, the value of the individual did not diminish, but became instead a guide to the rules that govern all men.
Part B. (10 points)
Direction: Translate the following Chinese passage into English on your ANSWER SHEET.
各学科的发展日新月异，令人称奇，但衡量知识、能力的方法却依然如故，非常原始。迄今为止，教育工作还没有找到比考试更有效、更可靠的方法，着实有 点离奇。尽管有不少人认定，考试能衡量出一个人的知识水平，但实际情况恰恰相反，这是有目共睹的。要想考察一个人死记硬背的本事和在极大压力下快速答题的技巧，考试或许是 个www.deyou8.com的办法。然而，要想了解一个人的禀赋资质和实际能力如何，考试是考不出名堂来的。
Ⅵ Writing (20 points)Directions: Write an essay in no less than 200 words with the title“Opportunities and challenges with the coming of Globalization.”
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