标签：考研英语真题,考研真题,考研政治真题,考研数学真题,http://www.deyou8.com
中国人民大学2009年博士研究生入学考试试题,
Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (20 points)
Directions:
Read the following passages, decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B, C and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.
Passage 1
When I was a kid, I never knew what my parents—or anyone else's—did for a living. As far as I could tell, all grownups had mysterious jobs that involved drinking lots of coffee and arguing about Richard Nixon. If they had job-related stress, they kept it private. Now American families are expected to be more intimate. While this has resulted in alot more hugs, “I love you's,” and attendance at kids' football games, unfortunately we parents also insist on sharing the frustrations of our work lives.While we have complained about our jobs or fallen asleep in car-pool lines, our children have been noticing. They are worried about us. A new survey, ”Ask the children ,“conducted by the Families and Work Institute of New York City, queried more than 1, 000 kids between the ages of 8 and18 about their parents' work lives. “If you were granted one wish to change the way your parents' work affected your life,” the survey asked kids,“what would that wish be?” Most parents assumed that children would want more time with them, but only 10% did. Instead, the most common wish (among 34%) was that parents would be less stressed and tired by work.Allison Levin is the mother of three young children and a professional in the growing field of “work/life quality”. Levin counsels employees who are overwhelmed by their work and family obligations to carefully review their commitments-not only at the office but at home and in the community too—and start paring them down. “It's not about getting up earlier in the morning so you can get more done,” she says. “It's about saying no and making choices.”We can start by leaving work, and thoughts of work, behind as soon as we start the trip home. Do something to get yourself in a good mood, like listening to music, rather than returning calls on the cell phone. When you get home, change out of your work clothes, let the answering machine take your calls, and stay away from e-mail. When your kids ask about your day, tell them about something good that happened. (In the survey, 69% of moms said they liked their work, but only 42% of kids thought their mothers really did.)Parents can also de-stress by cutting back on their children's activities. If keeping up with your kid's schedule is killing you, insist that he choose between karate lessons and the theater troupe. Parents should also sneak away from work and family occasionally to have some fun .I keep a basketball in the trunk of my can. I might never be able to fix everything at work or at home, but at least I can work on my jump shot.
1. Which of the following sentences can be the best title of this passage?
A. Kids Say: Chill
B. Kids Stress Parents
C. Parents Complain about work
D. Parents Get in Good Mood
2. The author mentions her own childhood experience to show that__________.
A. she never understood why her parents had odd jobs and argued about the
president
B. she didn't know what her parents did to earn money to support the family when she was young
C. she did understand why the American became more and more close and hugged a lot
D. she could see that the American parents keep the stress and tiredness from work to themselves
3. We can infer from the second paragraph that nowadays the
children__________.
A. are very anxious about their parents for their hard work
B. are looking forward to being with their parents
C. are very considerate about their parents
D. are very ambitious to change their parents' work
4. The phrase “paring them down” in the third paragraph most likely means__________.
A. gathering the work and family duties together
B. matching the work quality to life quality
C. decreasing the defeating commitments
D. denying to fulfill their work and family obligations
5. Which of the following is not the way to de-stress the parents' heavy burden?
A. Forgetting about the job as soon as leaving the office.
B. Reducing participating the activities for the office.
C. Sharing with the children some happy experience.
D. Taking part more actively in community activities.
Passage 2
There are a number of formats for reporting research, such as articles to appear in journals, reports addressed to funding agencies, theses or dissertations as part of the requirements for university degrees, and papers to be presented at conferences. These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences whom they address. We will now briefly describe them.The journal article is a way of reporting research for professional journals or edited collections. The research is reporting in a brief, yet in formative way, focusing mostly on the main features of the research such as the purpose, review of the literature (often referred to as“background&rdquo, procedures used for carrying out the research accompanied by tables, charts, and graphs, and interpretations of the results (often referred to as discussion). The content and emphasis of the journal article will vary according to the intended readers (research or practitioners) and it is important for the researcher to be aware of the background and interest of the readers of the journal. Articles intended to be read by practitioners will emphasize the practical implications and recommendations of the research, while articles intended to be read by researchers will describe in detail the method used to collect data, the construction of data collection procedures, and the techniques used for analyzing the data. It is important for the novice researcher to be aware of the fact that articles submitted to journals go through a process of evaluation by experts who make a judgment and recommend whether they should be published or not.
The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students write as part of fulfilling the requirements for an advanced academic degree. The student is expected to describe in great detail all the phases of the research so it can be examined and evaluated carefully by the reader. Thus the thesis or dissertation includes the purpose and significance of the study, the rationale, a thorough review of the literature, detailed information as to the research tools and the procedures involved in their development, a description of data analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form of conclusions, implications, and recommendation. This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the student's ability to carry out research. The conference paper is a way of reporting research at conferences, seminars and colloquia. At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally. They are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise, yet informative way, focusing on the most essential elements of the research. Handouts and transparencies can also accompany the presentations. As with the research article, here too, the content and emphasis of the oral report will depend to a large extent on the type of audience present at the meeting, and whether they are researchers or practitioners.
上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页
