中央党校考博英语真题试卷（2009年）阅读理解

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Ⅳ. Reading Comprehension (30 points)
Section A
Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Your should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet A.
Passage 1
        A famous Native American proverb tells us “We should not judge another person until we have walked two moons in his moccasins.” Our next suggestion for improvement is about “wearing those moccasins.” That is, we need to develop empathy---be able to see things from the point of view of others. Many researchers in the area of interpersonal and intercultural competence believe that our success as communicators depends, to a large extent, on our “skill at establishing and maintaining desired identities for both self and others.” “Identities” are actually the pictures of ourselves and the other person that we hold in our heads. We use these pictures I two ways. First, our identities help us to define the messages we receive from others; and second, they assist us in selecting the most appropriate message to send to another person. We have already discussed knowing ourselves; our focus now is on our need to develop empathy (emotional identification) and role-taking (cognitive adaptation) competence so that we can better know and adjust to the other person.
        Before we begin our discussion of empathy and role taking, we need to restate two important ideas. First, as with so much of our counsel, we are again faced with a skill that is easier to talk about than to put into practice. The fact remains that however similar we may appear to be, there is something distinctive and unique about each of us. Our internal states are elusive and fleeting, and we know them only as distorted shadows. Knowing the other person, and predicting his or her reactions and needs, is a difficult and troublesome activity. And when we add the dimension of culture, we compound the problem.
        Second, although we have focused primarily on culture, we also are concerned with the “interpersonal aspects” of intercultural communication. Perhaps the interpersonal dimension of communication is most evident in the area of empathy. As Miller and Steinberg noted, “To communicate interpersonally, one must heave the cultural and sociological levels of predications and psychically travel to the psychological level.” Simply put, empathy, while using knowledge about another’s culture to make predications, also demands that the point of analysis be the individual personality.
        A number of behaviors can keep us from understanding the feelings, thoughts, and motives of another person---regardless of his or her culture. Before we look at some of the ways to improve our role-taking skills, it might be helpful to examine a few characteristics that can impede empathy.
56. What would be the most appropriate title for the passage?
A. Develop Empathy
B. Importance of Empathy
C. Importance of Identities
D. Relationship between Interpersonal Competence and Intercultural Communication
57. Why do we need to develop empathy according to the passage?
A. In order to have a better self identification
B. In order to improve our role-taking skills
C. In order to make better predications
D. In order to understand better and adapt ourselves to the other person
58. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. In order to communicate successfully, we should learn to see things from the point of view of others.
B. To establish identities for both self and others is easier said than done.
C. It’s easier to understand another culture than to know the other person and predict his or her reactions and needs.
D. The individual personality is an important factor in the area of empathy.
59. In line 5 in the second paragraph, the word “elusive” could be replaced by “________” .
A. distracting and diverse
B. hard to comprehend or identify
C. hard to control
D. tending to disappear
60. A paragraph following the passage would most probably discuss ________ .
A. Establishing and Maintaining Desired Identities
B. How to Improve Role – Taking Skills
C. Hindrances to Empathy
D. Improving Empathy