09年高考英语冲刺:高中词汇学习六道坎(一)
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高中英语词汇
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09年高考英语冲刺:高中词汇学习六道坎(一),
著名语言学家威尔金斯(D.A.Wilkins)曾经说过:“Without grammar, very little can be conveyed;without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed.”这句话的中文意思是“没有语法,难以表达;没有词汇,寸步难行。”如果将英语学习比做一座高楼大厦,词汇就好比其下基石,作用无可替代。高中英语学习从应试角度上审视都是以高考为风向标的,下面笔者通过对浙江省英语高考的理解以及一些英语高考题目来透析高中词汇学习的六道坎。
第一道坎是词汇量的要求,浙江省高考大纲要求考生掌握3500个左右的单词,这个数字较以往高考改革前的1800个词汇量可谓天差地别,而较大学英语四级4500个词汇量相差不大,这个对比说明了中学教育对于词汇量的重视,但是考生大可不必对这个要求的词汇量紧张,因为平时这些单词已经潜移默化地渗透于课文和教材当中,并且有2000个左右的单词是属于take, go, keep, come, turn, hello, speak等很简单的无需记忆的词,剩下来的1500个左右较有难度的则是需要大家去强记的,过了这道坎,对于单词的认知层面也就跨越过去了。笔者比较推荐的方法是不要去买一本很厚的3500个单词的词汇书去啃,而是有筛选性地将1500个较难单词总结出来,并且牢牢地掌握住。这样做既省力又有针对性。
第二道坎是词汇辨析,我们首先来看一下下面的几道高考单项选择题:
10. Letterboxes are much more _______in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead. (06年浙江省高考)
A. common B. normal C. ordinary D. usual
27. Always read the ________ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. (06年福建省高考)
A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions
24. At the meeting they discussed three different _______ to the study of mathematics.(06年湖北省高考)
A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways
答案:ABA
上面的三道题分别测试了考生对三组词的辨析,如果考生平时只是单纯地掌握这些单词的中文释义而未能对其具体区别和在具体语境中的应用加以重视,做这些题目还是相对有点难度的。所以在平时的复习中一定要加强这方面的区分练习。
第三道坎是词组和短语搭配,尽管我们上文提到诸如take, go, keep, come, turn, hello, speak这些单词在认知层面上无需记忆,但是高考对其也是有所考查的,因为它们后面加上不同的介词和副词就会变化成很多意义不同的词组和短语搭配,比如turn这个单词就有turn in, turn to, turn up, turn down, turn out, turn around,等等搭配结构。这些词组和短语搭配通常让学生难以把握每个意思,容易产生混淆。再看下面几个高考题目所考查的:
8. We are trying to ring you back, Bryan, but we think we _________ your number incorrectly. (06年浙江省高考)
A. looked up B. took down C. worked out D. brought about
27. As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village _______ scenes of my childhood. (06年湖北省高考)
A .called up B. called for C. called on D. called in
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22. The computer system_____ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. (06年辽宁省高考)
A. broke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in
26. I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson ___. (05年湖南省高考)
A. cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up
答案:BAAA
对于高中词汇中如此众多的词组和短语搭配,我们要对最典型的最常考的词组进行系统地总结记忆,并且将它们一网打尽,不可有漏网之鱼。
第四道坎是词汇在具体语境中的应用,如今高考越来越重视词汇在具体语境或者具体使用场景中的应用,越来越不拘泥于以往仅仅从单词本身出发的较为死板的考法。词汇离开了具体的语境就会失去生命力,不知所云。正如语言学家吕叔湘先生所说:“词语嵌在上下文里头才有生命,才容易记住,才知道用法。”我们首先看一下单词“cover”这个词在几种不同语境中的用法:
Don’t cover your eyes with hands. ( vt. 覆盖,遮住)
He made up a story to cover the mistakes. (vt. 掩饰)
China covers a total area of 96,000,000 square kilometers. (vt. 占地)
The cover of the magazine is green. ( n. 封面)
His book covers a wild field. ( vt. 涉及)
They covered 100 miles a day. (vt. 走过)
The journalist was sent to cover the traffic accident. (vt. 采访)
由此可见,具体语境对于词汇学习的作用不容小觑,接下来再看一下高考题对具体语境的考查:
17.—If you like I can do some shopping for you.
---That’s a very kind _______.(06年浙江省高考)
A. offer B. service C. point D. suggestion
26.It’s quite _______me why such things have been allowed to happen. (06年安徽省高考)
A.for B.behind C.against D.beyond
23.-My family usually goes skating for vacation. I like skating, but I want to try something different this year. (05年重庆高考)
-__________
A. Let's go. B. Cheer up. C. Like what? D. Take care.
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