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八年级英语A day in the life of教案,
原文地址 ht tp://www.deyou8.com Chapter 2 A day in the life of...
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容:
Chapter Two: A day in the life of...专项练习
(一)名词用法:
可数名词,可以用数词计数,有单, 复数之分。如:book-books, bus-buses。
不可数名词不可以用数词计数。虽然只有单数形式,但表示不同的类别时也有用复数的情况。如:fishes(表不同种类的鱼)。
表示泛指时,可数名词前面可以用不定冠词a或an修饰。如:This is a desk. That‘s an apple.表示特指时要用定冠词the修饰。如:Look at the blackboard!
U:表示特指时也要用定冠词the修饰。如:The fish can‘t live without water.鱼离开水不能活。
C:可数名词表示“多或少“不确定的复数意义时可用few, a few, many等修饰,而且要用复数形式,如:I have many friends, but I have few good friends.
U:不可数名词表示“多或少“不确定的复数意义时可用little, a little, much等修饰,如:There is a little water in the bottle.瓶子里有点儿水。
C:表示不确定的数目,可以被some, any, a lot of, lots of等修饰,且名词都用复数形式。如:There are some pictures on the wall.墙上有些画。
U:如: There is some water in the glass.杯子里有些水。
C:可数名词前面可以直接用具体的数词来修饰。如:two books两本书,six boxes六个盒子。
U:不可数名词前面虽然不能直接加数词,但可以用“数词+表数量的名词+of+不可数名词“结构。如:a bottle of milk, two cups of tea.
C:可数名词也可以用“数词+表数量的名词+of+可数名词复数“结构。如:two boxes of books.
U:不可数名词作主语,谓语动词一律用第三人称单数形式。如:There is some rice in the bag.袋子里有些米。
C:可数名词作主语,谓语动词的“数“要和主语保持一致。如: Six boys are in the classroom.六个男生在教室里。
There is a girl in the classroom, too.教室里也有一个女孩。
不可数名词的前面有复数名词短语修饰时,谓语动词不也须用复数形式吗。如:There are six bottles of milk on the table.桌子上有六瓶牛奶。
英语中有些名词既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词。
比如:glass,作可数名词意思是“玻璃杯“;而作不可数名词时,意思却是“玻璃“了。还有一些名词在汉语里是可数名词,而跑到英语里却又成了不可数名词。
C:对可数名词的数量提问,用how many。如:
There are three people in my family.我家有三口人。(对划线部分提问)
How many people are there in your family?你家有几口人?
U:对不可数名词的数量提问用how much。如:
I want a cup of milk.我想要一杯牛奶。(对划线部分提问)
How much milk do you want?你想要多少牛奶?
但是,对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰成分提问时,要用how many。如:
I want two cups of tea.我想要两杯茶。(对划线部分提问)
How many cups of tea do you want? 你想要几杯茶?
(二)形容词的用法:
1. 下列以a-开头的形容词通常只用作表语:
afraid, alike , alive , alone, asleep, awake, ashamed , afloat (飘浮的), aware (知道的)等。
另外,unable, content (满足的), well(身体)好的,ill(生病的),通常不可用作定语;ill 作定语时,通常是“坏的,邪恶的“意思。尽管现在已有人用ill作前置定语表示生病的,well表示健康的,习惯上还是用sick, healthy等作前置定语为主。
以上所列词汇中,afraid, alive, alone, awake 可用作后置定语,如
a man afraid (害怕的人),the greatest man alive (健在的最伟大的人) the only child awake (唯一醒着的孩子)
The people , and the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world history.
人民,只有人民,才是创造世界历史的动力。
还有两点必须注意:
(1)多数以a-开头的形容词不直接用very修饰,通常习惯说法如:
very much alone 非常孤单的
wide awake 十分清醒的
sound / fast asleep 熟睡的
(2)以a-开头的形容词本身带有副词来修饰时,可以用作前置定语,如
a fast asleep boy 熟睡的男孩
the wide awake soldiers 十分清醒的士兵
2. 有些形容词(如wooden)通常不能用作表语。
我们不说The table is wooden. 而应改为
The table is of wood. 或The table is made of wood.
不能用作表语,只能作定语的常用形容词还有:inner 内部的,outer 外部的,former 较前的, latter 较后的,utter完全的,upper上面的,real真正的,mere仅仅的,live[laiv]活的,sheer纯粹的,only唯一的,aged年老的
3. 有些形容词(如possible)作表语时,通常不用“人“作主语。
我们不说He is possible to attend the meeting. 而应该说It is possible for him to attend the meeting. 这类形容词常见的有:possible, improbable, convenient, inconvenient等
注意:这类句型中当动词不定式与句子主语存在着逻辑动宾关系时,主语用“人“是可以的,如:
He is impossible to teach. = It is impossible to teach him.
下句也是正确的:
She is necessary to get along well with.
4. worth, worth while 和worthy
1) be worth 表示“价值“时,后面可以直接接名词或-ing形式,如:
The used motor bike is worth 2,000 yuan at most.
This book is well worth reading.
2) 在it is worth while 结构中,it 为形式主语,后面可接-ing形式,也可接动词不定式
The place is worth visiting.
3) worthy 可修饰名词作定语,如a worthy man 可尊敬的人, a worthy life 有价值的 / 有意义的生活,与of 连用时可作后置定语,如a cause worthy of support 值得支持的事业。
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worthy of 作表语时,后面可接名词或-ing形式(常用其被动式)。如
The place is worthy of a visit.
The place is worthy of being visited.
4) worthy后面也可接动词不定式,被动含义时也须用不定式的被动式。如:
The boy is worthy to be praised.
= The boy is worth praising.
5. 有些副词与形容词形式相同,表示同一含义,常见的有:
early , late , fast , high , straight
6. 副词的位置
1) 修饰形容词和其它副词时,通常放在被修饰词之前,但enough一词例外。如
This is a very useful tool.
She plays the piano fairly well.
He doesn‘t work hard enough.
The child is old enough to go to school.
2) 频度副词 (often , usually , seldom , hardly , never, sometimes, always等)要放在实义动词的前面,be 动词、助动词、情态动词的后面。如
We often go to the park.
He is always ready to help others.
3) 地点副词、时间副词、方式副词常位于句末。如
I remember that I met him somewhere.
Everything went smoothly.
4) 同时出现几种副词时的排列顺序:方式副词→地点副词→时间副词。如
He made his model plane perfectly there yesterday.
5) 作定语的副词放在被修饰词之后。
People here are very friendly to me.
7. 某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。
如friendly , comradely , lively , lovely, lonely, likely, deadly , silly , orderly
8. 有些副词有两种形式(加-ly后变为另一副词),但意义不同,使用时应予以注意。常见的有:
late 迟,晚 lately 近来
high 高 highly 高度地
close 接近(指距离) closely 仔细地,密切地
near 附近 nearly 差不多,几乎
free 免费 freely 自由地,自如地
deep 深 deeply 深刻地
wide 宽 widely 广泛地
just 刚才,恰好,仅仅 justly 公正地,正当地,应得地
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