标签：高中英语语法资料大全,http://www.deyou8.com
英语语法 不定式,
In order to draw maps properly, you need a special pen.
To get the best results, use clean water.
To be elected monitor of our class, he gave money to us.
* 放在句末时， to do 表示目的， 不可有“，”若有用doing 表示伴随的目的
e.g. He bowed to us to thank us for helping him find the way.
He worked day and night, hoping to finish the work beforehand.
注：1. 不定式结构表示目的时，通常句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语 (主语一致)
e.g.He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly.
He went home to see his mother.
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例外 e g He opened the door for the children to come in.
They sent a man to mend the window.
2、表结果
不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型
① so …as to …
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time?
② such (…) as to …
I’m not such a fool as to believe that.
③ adj./adv. + enough to …
The boy is old enough to go to school.
④ too … to …
His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.
（5）only to find , only to be told 出乎意料之外的结果
3． 原因不定式可以用于动词、形容词或-ed分词后表示原因。
He was too excited to get high marks.
八．同位语
Is this your purpose, to avoid being punished?
九．独立成分
To tell you the truth, I don’t like you. They arrived here at 11:55 a.m., to be exact.
类似的有：to be frank坦率地说，to hear him talk听他说话的口气，to cut a long story short 长话短说，等等。
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C
不定式的各种结构
1．宾格词 + 不定式
1）普通结构 此结构中的宾格词为名词或代词的宾格，宾格词是谓语动词的宾语，同时又是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式和宾格词一起构成复合宾语。
I want Henry to come. She expects this to be true. I heard them sing yesterday.
2) “there to be + 宾格词”结构
此结构的宾格词仍是不定式的逻辑主语，只是它位于不定式to be 的后面。
I don’t want there to be any misunderstanding.
3) 各种形式的不定式都可以用于此种结构中。
The judge wanted the man to be punished.
He expected each of his students to be working hard for the coming exam.
2．主格词 + 不定式
当上一种结构变为被动语态时，就出现了此种结构，此结构中，不定式都要带to，主格词是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式在句中作主语补足语。
They are allowed to go. ← We allowed them to go.
He was seen to enter the store. ← I saw him enter the store.
3．for + 宾格词 + 不定式
此结构中，宾格词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种结构在句中可作：
1） 主语 It is difficult for us to learn a second foreign language.
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2）宾语 I consider it necessary for her to learn French.
3）表语 The best thing is for us to make our own decision.
4）定语 There is a lot of work for us to do.
5）状语 He opened the door for the car to enter.
The book is too easy for them to read.
4．with/without + 宾格词 + 不定式
此结构在句中常作原因状语，宾格词是不定式的逻辑宾语。
With so much work to do, I shall not be able to watch the match with you.
Without anything to eat, he died of hunger.
5．疑问词 + 不定式 此结构相当于名词词组，在句中可作：
1） 主语 When to visit that farm has not been decided yet.
2） 宾语 We must know how to operate this machine.
3） 表语 The problem now is how to collect enough money.
4） 同位语 The problem what to do next is unknown.
注意 intend, plan, hope, expect, mean, promise, want, think, wish, were (was), would like, should like + 不定式完成式，可表过去没有实现的愿望，期待和计划。
He intended to have come. = He intended to come, but he didn’t.
She wished to have bought a car. = She wished to buy a car, but she didn’t.
? I meant to have called on you, but I was too busy.
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? She hoped to have passed the exam. (but she didn’t)
I would like to have gone abroad. (but I didn’t)
D
不定式的否定式
通常是在不定式前加not，表示较强的否定意义时可用never。
I told him not to touch the equipment. You must promise never to do that again.
E特殊动词不定式的“省略与保留”
一、不定式符号的省略与保留
1. 在had better, would rather, would rather...than, would sooner...than,
cannot but, why (not)等结构后面的不定式符号to通常被省略。如:
You’d better tell her the truth. 你最好告诉她真相。
2. 动词不定式短语作介词but, except, besides的宾语,且介词之前有行为动词do或它的其它形式时,不定式符号to通常被省略。如:
What do you like to do besides swim?
除了游泳,你还喜欢干什么?
My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.
妈妈只好等着医生的到来。
Now he had given himself no choice but to tell her. (本句中不定式符号to不可省略)
当时他毫无选择的余地,只好告诉她了。
3.两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时,后面不定式短语的不定式符号to通常被省略;如果表示对比关系,则不定式中的不定式符号to通常要保留。如:
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They didn’t tell me whether to go on or to stop.(对比关系)
他们没有告诉我是继续下去还是停止。
She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back.(并列关系)
她让孩子待在那里等她回来。
4.在某些感官动词或使役动词(如 hear, listen to, notice, observe, see, watch,
make等)之后充当宾语补足语的不定式中,不定式符号to总是被省略,但在被动语态的句子中,不定式符号to通常要保留。如:
They made that man work all the morning.
他们让那个人干了一个早晨。
That man was made to work all the morning.
那个人被要求干了一个早晨。
5. 不定式短语作表语,不定式符号to常常要保留,但当what引导的名词性从句作主语,或all, everything等后接定语从句作主语,从句谓语部分含有动词do或do的其他形式时,作表语的不定式可以保留也可省略不定式符号to。如:
The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all.
最大的幸福就是为大家的幸福而工作。
The only thing I can do now is (to)go on by myself.
我现在唯一能做的就是靠自己继续进行下去。
二、不定式符号后面动词的省略与保留
1. 为了避免重复,在hope, wish, want, like, love, decide, plan, mean, prefer,
want, have to, be able to, be going to, used to, ought to等动词及习语后面出现与上文相同的不定式时,常保留不定式符号to,而把其它部分省略。如:
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Ms King lied to us because she had to.
金女士跟我们撒了谎,因为她不得不这样做。
－I heard that you would go to Dalian for your holiday.
我听说你要去大连度假。
－I planned to, but I have some important business to deal with.
我原计划去的,但有重要的事情要处理。
2.当不定式在ask, advise, persuade, wish, allow, permit, tell, expect, force,
invite, beg等动词后面充当宾语补足语时,为了避免重复,常保留不定式符号,而把后面的动词省略。如:
She wants to come but her parents won’t allow her to.
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