浅谈初中英语语法宾语从句的应用

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浅谈初中英语语法宾语从句的应用

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，它在复合句中作主句的宾语即作宾语的是一个句子。宾语从句主要注意三大要素：
一、引导词
1.that（从句是陈述句时，引导词用that，它本身无词义，不充当成分，在口语中可省略，但在正式场合不可省）。
2.if或whether（从句是一般疑问句时用if或whether，含义是“是否”。）if whether一般情况下可以互换，但在构成whether……or not句式时只能用whether。
3.连接代词，连接代词（what、which、who、whose）连接副词（从句是特殊疑问句时用），连接副词（when、where、how、why）
二、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序都用陈述句语序（即正常的主谓语序）。例如：
He says that Tom will miss a lot of lessons
She asked whether we should hold a sports meeting
Do you know what the popalation of Dalianis?
三、宾语从句的时态
1.主句是一般现在时，从句可根据需要选用任何时态。例如：
She says that she is good at Chinese.
He Says that he has been ill for three days.
I don’t know if she will come tomorrow.
2.主句是一般过程时，从句可根据需要用相应的过去某种时态。（即一般过去时，过去将来时，过去完成时等）。例如：
She asked me where I lived.
He said that she had been ill for six days.
He said that he would return soon.
3.当从句讲述的是客观事实或真理时，从句时态不受主句的影响，都用一般现在时。例如：
The teacher said “Light travels faster than sound”
She said that the earth is round
特例：Could you tell me ……委婉的语气，常按照一般现在时处理。
Could you tell me where the nearest park is？
真题回放：
例1 （2008·北京）—Do you know for shanghai last night？
——At 9：00
A、what time he leavesB、what time does he leave
C、what time he leftD、What time did he leave
解析：考查宾语从句的用法。对于宾语从句要注意三要素：语序（陈述语序）、时态（主句是过去式，从句要用相应的过去式；主句是一般现在时，从句根据需要确定时态）、引导词(that, whether/if，特殊疑问词)。B和D语序不正确；由last night可知A项时态错误。故选C。
例2 （2008 重庆）please tell me I have some good mews for him
A、where Robert livesB、where does Robert live
C、where Robert livedD、where did Robert live
解析：考查宾语从句。宾语从句中要用陈述语序，可排除B、D。由I have some good news for him.” 可知要用一般现在时，可排除C。故选A。
例3 （2008 河北） You are growing so fast, can you tell me now？
A、how fast are youB、how fast you are
C、how tall are youD、how tall you are
解析：本题考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句要用陈述语序。根据题意是问Annie多高了，故选D。
例4 （2008，天津）The boys asked
A、When could the goB、what they would do next
C、where they will goD、how did they get there
解析考查宾语从句。对于宾语从句要注意三点：语序/陈述语序）、时态（主句是过去时，从句要用相应的过去时），引导词（that、whether/if，特殊疑问句）。A、D语序不对，C时态不对，故选B
例5（2008，南京）——why did miss wang look so worried when we saw her？
——Because she wondered
A、where did the other students go
B、when would the policeman come
C、what her students have done during the trip
D、if her students had survied the earth—quake
解析：考查宾语从句。宾语从句的考查点有两个：1)从句部分用陈述语序；2）主句是过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。根据第一点，我们排除了本题的A、B项。再根据第二点我们又排除了C项，故选D。
例6（2008，武汉）—Do you know ?
—sorry，I don’t know.
A、Where does limmy workB、where jim my works
C、how does limmy go to workD、what does jinmy do.
解析：考查宾语从句，对于宾语从句要注意三点：语序（陈述语序），时态（主句是过去式，从句要用相应的过去式，从句要用相应的过去式），引导词（that，whether/if，特殊疑问词），A、C、D三项都不是陈述语序，故选B。