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初三英语专题讲解 词汇辨析(三)

    11-14 22:55:02    浏览次数: 544次    栏目:初中英语词汇

标签:初中英语词汇资料大全,http://www.deyou8.com 初三英语专题讲解 词汇辨析(三),
-【名师讲解】
  1. think/ think/about/ think of
  (1) think 单独使用时表示"思考", 接that 宾语从句时意为"认为","觉得"。
  I am thinking how to work out the problem.
  I think she is a good student.
  当宾语从句含有否定概念时,通常形式上否定think ,但意义上却是否定宾语从句。
  I don't think he can come.
  I don't think it will be windy.
  (2)think about 可接一个名词,动词-ing 形式或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句,意思是"考虑……"。
  I have thought about it for a long time.
  Please think about how to tell her the bad news.
  (3)think of 表示"认为", 一般用于疑问句中,与what 连用。
  What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like theTV play?
  2. big/ large/ great
  上述形容词都表示"大",但侧重点及程度不同。
  (1) big指具体事物的大小,强调比正常形体的标准大,既可用在普通场合,也可用在正式场合。它可用来指人的身材高大或"长大了",还可表示"伟大","重要"之意。如:
  Can you lift up this big stone?
  On the last day I made a big decision.
  (2) large特别强调远远超过标准的大,指体积、面积、容积、数量之大。如:
  A whale is a large animal.
  A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.
  (3) great除了表示数量体积之大外,又指抽象的程度,意味着伟大性,重要性, 优越性;常用于抽象
  或无形的东西;用于有形的东西时,常带有"伟大","大得令人吃惊"等意思,含有一定的感情色彩。如:
  China is a great country with a long history.
  He was one of the greatest scientists.
  3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay
  (1) cost表示"花钱",花费,付出(只能用于钱、精力、生命等;主语必须是物。)
  The book cost me five yuan.
  (2) take的主语是动词不定式, 通常用it做形式主语。
  It took me five yuan to buy the book..
  (3) spend,在主动语句中主语是人
  I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan (in) buying the book.
  (4) pay的主语是人。
  I paid five yuan for the book.
  4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low
  这四个词在谈论到价格的高低时,要注意使用。expensive与high涉及到价格"高",而cheap 与low涉及到价格"低"。
  (1) expensive昂贵的,花钱多的。这个单词若谈到"价格高,货贵"时,其主语不能是价格,必须是货物、物品本身。如:
  This watch is expensive. 这只表很贵。
  These glass-products are not expensive. 这些玻璃制品不是很值钱。
  注意:cheap表示"价廉","便宜的",其主语也不能是价格,必须是物品本身。如:
  The cheap table was bought from him. 这张便宜的桌子是他卖给我们的。
  This cloth doll is very cheap. 这只布娃娃很便宜。
  (2)high在表示价格时,含义是"高",low在表示价格时,含义是"低",这两个词不能用于物品本身,只能用在价格上。如:
  The price of this watch is very high. 这只表的价格太高了。
  The price of this book is not low for me. 这本书的价格对我来说是不低。
  下面我们试看几个句子的正误对照:
  The price of this computer is expensive.
  (宜改为:This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. )
  The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.
  (宜改为:This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )
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  5. alone/ lonely
  lonely 与alone的意思比较接近,但在使用时有所区别:
  (1)lonely用作形容词,意思是"孤单的;寂寞的"。可指心灵上的寂寞,也可指偏僻的地点。在句中既可作表语,也可作定语。
  (2)alone 可作形容词和副词,意思是"单独;独自",不指心理上寂寞的感觉。
  She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.
  她被带到一个荒岛上,自己居住,但她从不感到寂寞。
  6. before long/ long before
  (1)before long 作“不久以后”讲,切不要按字面译为“长时间以前”或“好久以前”。如:
  We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我们希望不久(以后)就把实验做完。
  (2)long before 作"很久以前"讲。原意为"……以前很久",故也可译为"老早"。long before 跟before long
  不同,前者在其后面可以接名词或一个从句;当上下文明确时,名词或从句还可以省略。Before long 则没有上述搭配用法。
  They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before.
  我们昨天开始做实验,但我们在那以前很久就已经做准备了。
  7. as/ when/ while
  (1)as 是连词,意思是"当……的时候,一面……一面",(强调同时,一般连续时间不长),如:
  As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in.
  正当我们谈论"泰坦尼克号"这部电影时,教师进来了。
  The students sing as they go along. 学生们边走边唱。
  (2)When和as一样都是连词,注意它们的不同。如when"当……的时候"(一般表示动作紧接着发生);"那时"(等立连词,前有逗号分开)
  I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太阳下山,那时天开始下雨了。
  (3)while是"当……时候;和……同时"(强调同时发生,一般连续时间较长)
  While I was watching TV, he was reading. 当我在看电视的时候,他正在看书。
  While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。
  8. beat/win/ hit
  (1)beat 是动词,意思是"连续地打; 打败; 敲打"。beat后可接人或队名。意思是"击败对手。"如:
  I can beat you at swimming.
  (2)win意思是"赢得某个项目",后面常接"match, game"。如:
  He won a game. 他胜一局。
  We won a match. 我们比赛得胜。
  (3)hit意思是"击中"(有时可表示"打一下")。如:
  The mother hit her child out of anger. 妈妈生气,打了她孩子一下。
  9. keep doing/keep on doing
  (1)keep doing侧重表示"持续不停地做某事"或"持续某种状态"。如:
  The girl kept crying all the time. 那个女孩一直在哭。
  The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 这个婴儿连续睡了大约四个小时。
  (2)keep on doing 表示"总不断做某事",不表示静止状态。不能与sitting, sleeping, lying, standing这类词连用。如:
  It kept on raining for seven days.
  Don't keep on asking such silly questions.
  10. get/ turn/ become
  这三个词都可作系动词用,表示状态的变化,后跟表语,但三个词的用法稍有不同。get强调情感、气候和环境的变化;turn强调色彩的变化;而become则强调职务、职称等的变化。如:
  The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter.冬天的白天越来越短。
  She couldn't answer the question and her face turned red.她回答不出问题,脸红了。
  When did you become a teacher? - Ten years ago.你什么时候当的老师?十年前。
  11. steal / rob
  从意思上讲steal表示偷窃的意思。而rob表示抢劫的意思;从搭配上来讲,steal sth from sb/sth ;而rob则用rob sb/sth of sth; 例如:

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