标签：高中英语语法资料大全,http://www.deyou8.com
英语语法 -ing分词的用法,
⑥“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：
His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。
例：
①The storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused B. to have caused
C. to caused D. having caused
②----“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, ______ away.
A. run B. running C. to run D. ran
③It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ______ the answers ready will be of great help.
A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having
④_____ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A. Being separated B. Having separated
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C. Having been separated D. To be separated
⑤Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _____ fun.
A. had B. have C. to have D. having
⑥Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____ a record $57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
⑦It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _____ a look at the sports stars.
A. had B. having C. to have D. have
⑧_____ more about university course, call (920)7463789.
A. To find out B. Finding out
C. Find out D. Having found out
简析：1.D.结果状语，时间有明显先后之分；2.B.伴随状语；3.D.条件状语，有明显时间先后之分；4.C.原因状语，时间有明显先后之分；5.D.伴随状语；6.B.结果状语。7.C.作目的状语；8.A.作目的状语；
6) -ing分词作补语：
①--ing分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等动词后面和一个名词或代词构成一个复合宾语，作宾语补语。如：
I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.
我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。
Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.
昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一个小孩在偷东西。
②上面这类句子也可变成被动语态，这时，-ing分词可看成是主语补语。如：
We were kept waiting for quite a long time. 让我们等了好长时间。
Lily was never heard singing that song again. 人们再也没有听到吉丽唱这首歌了。
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5. -ing分词的复合结构：
-ing分词的复合结构通常由物主代词、人称代词宾格、名词所有格或者名词的普通格+-ing分词构成，在句子开头时必须用物主代词和名词所有格，通常在句中作主语和宾语。如：
His coming made us very happy. 他的到来使我们大家都很高。
He was awakened by someone’s knocking at the door. 他被某人的敲门声吵醒了。
6. –ing分词作主语和表语时与不定式的区别：
1）、-ing分词和动词不定式作主语和表语的主要区别在于：在表示比较抽象的一般的多次性行为时多用-ing分词；在表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。如：
Smoking is forbidden here. （泛指吸烟）这里禁止吸烟。
It’s not good for you to smoke so much. （指你吸烟）吸这么多烟对你的身体不好。
2）. 高中阶段能接-ing分词作宾语的常见动词：
mind（介意）, suggest（建议）, enjoy（欣赏，）, admit（承认）, appreciate（感激，欣赏）, avoid（避免）, delay（推迟）, dislike（不喜欢，厌恶）, escape（逃脱）, finish（完成）, forgive（宽恕）, imagine（想象）, keep（保持）, miss（错过）, practise（训练）, resist（抵抗，抵制）, risk（冒险）, deny（拒绝，否认）, consider（考虑）等。
例：He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _____ the good opportunity.
A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
答案B.后risk 后接动名词，he与 lose是主谓关系。
3）. 有些动词既能接不定式，又能接-ing分词，含义有所不同。如：
①forget, remember, regret等词后面接不定式表示不定式动作后于谓语动作，而后接-ing分词作宾语表示分词动作先于谓语动作。如：
Do you remember seeing me before? 你记得以前见过我吗？
Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开时要记得锁门。
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②动词mean, stop, try, go on等动词后面接分词和接不定式作宾语，意思也有所不同。如：
I try not to think about that. 我尽量不去想那件事。
Would you please try doing that again? 请你再试一次好吗？
I mean to change it for another one. 我想换成另外一个。
Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 误了这班车就意味着再等一个小时。
Having finished the exercises, we went on to learn the new words in the next unit.
做完练习以后，我们继续学习下一单元的单词。
After a short rest, they went on working. 短暂地休息以后，他们又继续工作。
例：When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _____ at the party, but not _______.
A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leave
C. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leave
答案C.记得来过晚会，用arriving,但是后的动作仍然记得，用leaving.
③动词allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟-ing分词作宾语，不可以接动词不定式作宾语，但可接不定式作宾语补语。如：
Please permit me to say a few words. 请允许我说几句话。
We don’t permit smoking here. 我们这儿不允许吸烟。
④动词need, require, want作“需要”解时，后面接-ing分词或不定式的被动式。如：
The room wants cleaning/to be cleaned. 这个房间需要打扫。
These little children require looking after carefully/to be looked after carefully.
这些小孩需要细心地照料。
⑤动词like, hate, prefer等后面，如表示一般性动作，多用-ing分词；如指特定的具体的某次动作，多用不定式。如：
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim with you. 我喜欢游泳，但我不喜欢和你一起游泳。
I prefer walking to school every day. 我情愿每天步行去学校。
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I prefer to stay at home today. 今天我情愿呆在家里。
⑥动词begin, start后面，如表示有意识地开始做某事，常用-ing分词，否则用不定式更多一些。如：
We began to do that job last year. 我们去年开始做那工作的。
They started talking about the film at once. 他们立刻开始谈论那部电影。
注：下面几种情况多用不定式作宾语：
a. 当start, begin本身用于进行时态时。
When the teacher came into the room, he was starting to write to his parents.
老师走进教室的时候，他正开始写信给他的父母亲。
b. 当start, begin后接表示心理活动的动词时。
Hearing the news, he started to think of a good way to solve the problem.
一听到消息，他就开始考虑一个好办法来解决这个问题。
c. 当句子的主语是无生命的东西时。
We were about to leave when it began to rain. 我们正准备离开，天开始下雨了。
7. -ing分词作表语的两种不同含义：
①-ing分词作表语可以表示主语的内容是什么。如：
Their job is building houses. 他们的工作是盖房子。
The real question is getting to know the needs of the people. 真正的问题是了解人民的需要。
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